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Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 431-440 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019279

摘要：

The concentration and components of manure phosphorus (P) are key factors determining potential P bioavailability and runoff. The distribution of P forms in swine, poultry and cattle manures collected from intensive and extensive production systems in several areas of China was investigated with sequential fractionation and a simplified two-step (NaHCO -NaOH/EDTA) procedures. The mean total P concentration, determined by the sequential fractionation procedure of intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure, expressed as g·kg , was 14.9, 13.4 and 5.8 g·kg , respectively, and 4.4 g·kg in extensive cattle manure. In intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure about 73%, 74% and 79% of total P, respectively, was bioavailable (i.e., P extracted by H O and NaHCO ) and 78% in extensive cattle manure. The results indicated the relative environmental risk, from high to low, of swine, poultry and cattle manure. There is considerable regional variation in animal manure P across China, which needs to be considered when developing manure management strategies.

关键词： diet phosphorus     manure phosphorus     sequential P fractionation    

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Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography

Carsten-Rene Arlt, Dominik Brekel, Stefan Neumann, David Rafaja, Matthias Franzreb

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1346-1355 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2040-3

摘要： The size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles is a technical problem, which until today can only be solved with great effort. Nevertheless, there is an important demand for nanoparticles with sharp size distributions, for example for medical technology or sensor technology. Using magnetic chromatography, we show a promising method for fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles with respect to their size and/or magnetic properties. This was achieved by passing magnetic nanoparticles through a packed bed of fine steel spheres with which they interact magnetically because single domain ferro-/ferrimagnetic nanoparticles show a spontaneous magnetization. Since the strength of this interaction is related to particle size, the principle is suitable for size fractionation. This concept was transferred into a continuous process in this work using a so-called simulated moving bed chromatography. Applying a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles within a size range from 20 to 120 nm, the process showed a separation sharpness of up to 0.52 with recovery rates of 100%. The continuous feed stream of magnetic nanoparticles could be fractionated with a space-time-yield of up to 5 mg/(L∙min). Due to the easy scalability of continuous chromatography, the process is a promising approach for the efficient fractionation of industrially relevant amounts of magnetic nanoparticles.

关键词： magnetic chromatography     simulated moving bed chromatography     magnetic nanoparticles     size fractionation    

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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

摘要： This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. It considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydro power units and load demands (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The proposed reserve activation approaches are solved using the genetic algorithm, and some of the simulation results are also compared using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software. The simulation studies are performed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.

关键词： demand-side reserves     dynamic reserve activation approach     hydro power units     post contingency     sequential reserve activation approach     spinning reserves    

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Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin, nanofiltration and their sequential

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1725-x

摘要：

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts     Control     Anion exchange resin     Nanofiltration     Cytotoxicity    

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mechanisms of diphenylarsinic acid on natural magnetite and siderite: Evidence from sorption kinetics, sequential

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1547-2

摘要：

• DPAA sorption followed pseudo-secondary and intra-particle diffusion models.

关键词： Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA)     Sorption     Magnetite     Siderite     Sequential extraction     EXAFS    

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A “Sequential Design of Simulations” approach for exploiting and calibrating discrete element simulations

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 874-885 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2131-1

摘要： The flow behaviours of cohesive particles in the ring shear test were simulated and examined using discrete element method guided by a design of experiments methodology. A full factorial design was used as a screening design to reveal the effects of material properties of partcles. An augmented design extending the screening design to a response surface design was constructed to establish the relations between macroscopic shear stresses and particle properties. It is found that the powder flow in the shear cell can be classified into four regimes. Shear stress is found to be sensitive to particle friction coefficient, surface energy and Young’s modulus. A considerable fluctuation of shear stress is observed in high friction and low cohesion regime. In high cohesion regime, Young’s modulus appears to have a more significant effect on the shear stress at the point of incipient flow than the shear stress during the pre-shear process. The predictions from response surface designs were validated and compared with shear stresses measured from the Schulze ring shear test. It is found that simulations and experiments showed excellent agreement under a variety of consolidation conditions, which verifies the advantages and feasibility of using the proposed “Sequential Design of Simulations” approach.

关键词： discrete element method     cohesive materials     parameter calibration     ring shear cell     design of experiments    

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Variation in humic and fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation, elementary

Yuning YANG,Huan LI,Jinyi LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 854-862 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0755-9

摘要： Thermal pretreatment can be applied to sludge anaerobic digestion or dewatering. To analyze the variation in humic substances during thermal sludge treatment, sludge humic and fulvic acids were extracted before and after 30-min thermal treatment at 180°C, and then their contents, molecular weight distributions, elementary compositions, and spectral characteristics were compared. The results showed that the total contents of humic and fulvic acids in the sludge almost remained constant during thermal treatment, but 35% of humic and fulvic acids were dissolved from the sludge solids. Moreover, both humic and fulvic acids were partly decomposed and 32% of humic acids were converted to fulvic acids. The median value of the molecular weights of humic acids decreased from 81 to 41 kDa and that of fulvic acids decreased from 15 to 2 kDa. Besides the reduction in molecular size, the chemical structures of humic and fulvic acids also exhibited a slight change, i.e. some oxygen functional groups disappeared and aromatic structures increased after thermal sludge treatment.

关键词： sludge     thermal treatment     humic acids     fulvic acids    

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Impact of selection of DC base values and DC link control strategies on sequential AC-DC power-flow convergence

Shagufta KHAN,Suman BHOWMICK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 399-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0374-6

摘要： This paper demonstrates the convergence of the integrated AC-DC power-flow algorithm as affected by the selection of different base values for the DC quantities and adoption of different control strategies for the DC link. For power-flow modeling of integrated AC-DC systems, the base values of the various DC quantities can be defined in several ways, giving rise to different sets of per-unit system equations. It is observed that different per-unit system models affect the convergence of the power-flow algorithm differently. In a similar manner, the control strategy adopted for the DC link also affects the power-flow convergence. The sequential method is used to solve the DC variables in the Newton Raphson (NR) power flow model, where AC and DC systems are solved separately and are coupled by injecting an equivalent amount of real and reactive power at the terminal AC buses. Now, for a majority of the possible control strategies, the equivalent real and reactive power injections at the concerned buses can be computed a-priori and are independent of the NR iterative loop. However, for a few of the control strategies, the equivalent reactive power injections cannot be computed a-priori and need to be computed in every NR iteration. This affects the performance of the iterative process. Two different per-unit system models and six typical control strategies are taken into consideration. This is validated by numerous case studies conducted on the IEEE 118-bus and 300-bus test systems.

关键词： AC-DC power-flow     Newton-Raphson method     high voltage direct current (HVDC) control strategy    

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Comparison of sequential with intimate coupling of photolysis and biodegradation for benzotriazole

Shunan Shan, Yuting Zhang, Yining Zhang, Lanjun Hui, Wen Shi, Yongming Zhang, Bruce E. Rittmann

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0953-3

摘要： Benzotriazole (BTA) is an emerging contaminant that also is a recalcitrant compound. Sequential and intimate coupling of UV-photolysis with biodegradation were investigated for their impacts on BTA removal and mineralization in aerobic batch experiments. Special attention was given to the role of its main photolytic products, which were aminophenol (AP), formic acid (FA), maleic acid (MA), and phenazine (PHZ). Experiments with sequential coupling showed that BTA biodegradation was accelerated by photolytic pretreatment up to 9 min, but BTA biodegradation was slowed with longer photolysis. FA and MA accelerated BTA biodegradation by being labile electron-donor substrates, but AP and PHZ slowed the rate because of inhibition due to their competition for intracellular electron donor. Because more AP and PHZ accumulated with increasing photolysis time, their inhibitory effects began to dominate with longer photolysis time. Intimately coupling photolysis with biodegradation relieved the inhibition effect, because AP and PHZ were quickly biodegraded and did not accumulate, which accentuated the beneficial effect of FA and MA.

关键词： Benzotriazole     Photolysis     Biodegradation     Inhibition     Electron donor    

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Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol synthesis from hydration of ethylene coupled with a sequential reaction

Jie Gao, Zhikai Li, Mei Dong, Weibin Fan, Jianguo Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 847-856 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1848-6

摘要： Coal-based ethanol production by hydration of ethylene is limited by the low equilibrium ethylene conversion at elevated temperature. To improve ethylene conversion, coupling hydration of ethylene with a potential ethanol consumption reaction was analyzed thermodynamically. Five reactions have been attempted and compared: (1) dehydration of ethanol to ethyl ether ( ), (2) dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde ( ), (3) esterification of acetic acid with ethanol ( ), (4) dehydrogenation of ethanol to ethyl acetate ( ), and (5) oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to ethyl acetate ( ). The equilibrium constants and equilibrium distributions of the coupled reactions were calculated and the effects of feed composition, temperature and pressure upon the ethylene equilibrium conversion were examined. The results show that dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde has little effect on ethylene conversion, whereas for dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, ethylene conversion can be improved from 8% to 12.8% and 18.5%, respectively, under conditions of H O/C H = 2, 10 atm and 300°C. The esterification of acetic acid with ethanol can greatly enhance the ethylene conversion to 22.5%; in particular, ethylene can be actually completely converted to ethyl acetate by coupling oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol.

关键词： ethylene     ethanol     thermodynamics     coupling    

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Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive–invasive sequential

Mian Peng, Xueyan Liu, Jinxiu Li, Di Ren, Yongfeng Liu, Xi Meng, Yansi Lyu, Ronglin Chen, Baojun Yu, Weixiong Zhong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 674-680 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0796-3

摘要： We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The patients were diagnosed based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid testing. Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. The patients presented fever ( = 7, 100%), dry cough ( = 3, 42.9%), weakness ( = 2, 28.6%), chest tightness ( = 1, 14.3%), and/or muscle pain ( = 1, 14.3%). All patients had normal or lower than normal white blood cell count/lymphocyte count, and chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs. Nucleic acid testing confirmed COVID-19 in all seven patients. The median MV duration and intensive care unit stay were 9.9 days (interquartile range, 6.5–14.6 days; range, 5–17 days) and 12.9 days (interquartile range, 9.7–17.6 days; range, 7–19 days), respectively. All seven patients were extubated, weaned off MV, transferred to the common ward, and discharged as of the writing of this report. Thus, we concluded that good outcomes for patients with critical COVID-19 can be achieved with early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy.

关键词： COVID-19     noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation     bundle pharmacotherapy    

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生物质原料的组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用

陈洪章,邱卫华,王岚

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第3期   页码 27-36

摘要： <p>在充分认知生物质原料在化学成分、结构组成、酶解及发酵性能上的不均一性的基础上，提出“组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用”的生物质炼制新途径，即最大限度保持生物质大分子原有结构、p>

关键词： 生物炼制     原料不均一性     组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用     工业技术体系    

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P2P energy trading via public power networks: Practical challenges, emerging solutions, and the way forward

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 189-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0873-9

摘要： Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is an emerging energy supply paradigm where customers with distributed energy resources (DERs) are allowed to directly trade and share electricity with each other. P2P energy trading can facilitate local power and energy balance, thus being a potential way to manage the rapidly increasing number of DERs in net zero transition. It is of great importance to explore P2P energy trading via public power networks, to which most DERs are connected. Despite the extensive research on P2P energy trading, there has been little large-scale commercial deployment in practice across the world. In this paper, the practical challenges of conducting P2P energy trading via public power networks are identified and presented, based on the analysis of a practical Local Virtual Private Networks (LVPNs) case in North Wales, UK. The ongoing efforts and emerging solutions to tackling the challenges are then summarized and critically reviewed. Finally, the way forward for facilitating P2P energy trading via public power networks is proposed.

关键词： distribution network     local virtual private network     network charges     peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading     practical implementation.    

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基于深度序列特征学习的临床感染性角膜炎图像分类 Article

许叶圣, 孔鸣, 谢文加, 段润平, 方钲清, 林宇萧, 朱强, 汤斯亮, 吴飞, 姚玉峰

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第7期   页码 1002-1010 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.012

摘要： <p style="text-align: justify;">感染性角膜炎是最常见的角膜疾病之一，病原体在角膜中生长引发炎症反应并损伤角膜组织。p> <p> p>

关键词： 深度学习     角膜病     序列特征     机器学习     长短时记忆    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

null

期刊论文

Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography

Carsten-Rene Arlt, Dominik Brekel, Stefan Neumann, David Rafaja, Matthias Franzreb

期刊论文

Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

期刊论文

Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin, nanofiltration and their sequential

期刊论文

mechanisms of diphenylarsinic acid on natural magnetite and siderite: Evidence from sorption kinetics, sequential

期刊论文

A “Sequential Design of Simulations” approach for exploiting and calibrating discrete element simulations

期刊论文

Variation in humic and fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation, elementary

Yuning YANG,Huan LI,Jinyi LI

期刊论文

Impact of selection of DC base values and DC link control strategies on sequential AC-DC power-flow convergence

Shagufta KHAN,Suman BHOWMICK

期刊论文

Comparison of sequential with intimate coupling of photolysis and biodegradation for benzotriazole

Shunan Shan, Yuting Zhang, Yining Zhang, Lanjun Hui, Wen Shi, Yongming Zhang, Bruce E. Rittmann

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol synthesis from hydration of ethylene coupled with a sequential reaction

Jie Gao, Zhikai Li, Mei Dong, Weibin Fan, Jianguo Wang

期刊论文

Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive–invasive sequential

Mian Peng, Xueyan Liu, Jinxiu Li, Di Ren, Yongfeng Liu, Xi Meng, Yansi Lyu, Ronglin Chen, Baojun Yu, Weixiong Zhong

期刊论文

生物质原料的组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用

陈洪章,邱卫华,王岚

期刊论文

construction integration technology in Brazil’s superlarge deep-water offshore oil and gas unit project (FPSO P67/P70)

期刊论文

P2P energy trading via public power networks: Practical challenges, emerging solutions, and the way forward

期刊论文

基于深度序列特征学习的临床感染性角膜炎图像分类

许叶圣, 孔鸣, 谢文加, 段润平, 方钲清, 林宇萧, 朱强, 汤斯亮, 吴飞, 姚玉峰

期刊论文